In addition the validity of distinguishing between specific and non-specific treatment components has been questioned empirically ( 13– 16), as well as theoretically ( 17– 19). However, when evaluating more complex treatment packages the realization of a high-quality placebo-controlled study design, intended to control for the non-specific treatment effects, turned out to be a challenge ( 9– 12). Accordingly, controlling for the non-specific treatment effects in placebo-controlled randomised trials became the gold-standard in healthcare research ( 8).
![welche outlook version habe ich welche outlook version habe ich](https://www.ckalender.de/manual/images/cksync_einstellungen_de.png)
![welche outlook version habe ich welche outlook version habe ich](https://i.imgur.com/2TtRoIk.png)
In healthcare outcome research, which aims at identifying efficacious active treatments and treatment components, placebos (and other inert treatments) are used to keep all of the non-specific treatment components constant, while manipulating the presence of the specific treatment component. In the following we will use the terms specific effects when referring to the first kind of treatment effects and non-specific effects when referring to the latter kind of treatment effects. While there are conceptual differences between the individual labels, all these aspects are assumed to be interacting with the characteristic, active or specific treatment components in contributing to health improvements. These aspects have previously been labelled as non-specific, common, general, incidental, or contextual and their effects are typically described as placebo effects.
#Welche outlook version habe ich professional
Second, healthcare interventions typically take place in a context of care ( 2) in which additional aspects, such as the therapeutic bond or relationship between a healthcare professional and a patient ( 3), a plausible rationale for the treatment ( 4), the treatment providers’ warmth ( 5, 6) as well as aspects of the treatment setting and environment, impact treatment success ( 7). pharmacological ingredients in medications, particular exercises in physiotherapy, or the confrontation with a feared stimulus in exposure-based psychotherapy). They are assumed to actively and directly affect health and symptom improvement (e.g. Typically, these aspects have been classified into two groups: First, certain treatment components are deduced from specific treatment theories, and have been referred to as characteristic, active, or (disorder-)specific treatment components ( 1). We will close with presenting possible clinical application as well as promising and relevant future research directions using HEAL-D-SF, including for instance large-scale, cross-national investigations.ĭifferent aspects of healthcare interventions and of the healing encounter itself may influence health outcomes and well-being of patients.
![welche outlook version habe ich welche outlook version habe ich](https://mstechnology.files.wordpress.com/2018/08/outlook_version.png)
The factor structure observed in the English original items showed low to moderate model fit in our sample.ĭiscussion: The development of a German version of HEAL in addition to the original English items offers new possibilities for investigating patients’ idiosyncratic perspectives on the non-specific aspects of treatments across language borders. Results: The German short forms of HEAL (HEAL-D-SF) showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. We examined the psychometric properties of HEAL-D in a sample of 165 participants who reported at least one healthcare visit during the last year. Methods: The original 168 HEAL items were translated into German (HEAL-D) applying a translation-back-translation procedure. So far, no German version of the HEAL exists. The HEAL items can be administered as computerized adaptive tests or short forms that assess the patient-provider connection, the healthcare environment, treatment expectancy, positive outlook, spirituality, as well as attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine.
![welche outlook version habe ich welche outlook version habe ich](https://www.globalsystem.ch/site/assets/files/1682/ratgeber-office-version-03.png)
The Healing Encounters and Attitudes Lists (HEAL) offer a unique and parsimonious set of instruments to measure patients’ views on a variety of non-specific aspects of the caring encounter. Nevertheless, investigations on patients’ idiosyncratic perspectives on the non-specific aspects of the healing encounter or of the treatment itself that contribute to placebo effects are still rare. Introduction: Over the last years, the interest in understanding health improvements that occur due to non-specific treatment effects, rather than in response to the specific active treatment ingredients, increased.